Израел нападна Ливан

Iran has employed a strategy of supporting proxy militias through the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps' Quds Force to project power, deter adversaries, and avoid direct conventional warfare, primarily targeting Israel, the United States, and Sunni Arab states. This approach, often termed the "Axis of Resistance," involves providing funding estimated at over $1 billion annually, advanced weaponry such as ballistic missiles and drones, training, and logistical aid to Shia-aligned groups across the Middle East.

By 2022, Iran maintained alliances with over a dozen major militias, enabling asymmetric attacks including rocket barrages, drone strikes, and maritime disruptions.

In Lebanon, Iran has sustained Hezbollah since the early 1980s with annual funding reaching $700 million by 2020 and arms transfers including over 130,000 rockets and missiles accumulated by that year. Hezbollah, designated a terrorist organization by the U.S. State Department, has engaged Israel in proxy conflicts, notably the 2006 Lebanon War where it fired approximately 4,000 rockets, causing 44 Israeli civilian deaths and over 1,100 Lebanese casualties, including combatants. Ongoing border skirmishes escalated after October 7, 2023, with Hezbollah launching thousands of rockets into northern Israel, displacing over 60,000 Israelis by mid-2024.

The Houthis in Yemen, formally Ansar Allah, received Iranian ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) starting around 2015, enabling their capture of Sanaa in September 2014 and ousting of the Yemeni government by 2015. Iranian support facilitated Houthi drone and missile attacks on Saudi infrastructure, with over 200 strikes documented between 2015 and 2019, and Red Sea shipping disruptions from October 2023 onward, including more than 170 attacks on U.S. warships and 145 on commercial vessels by March 2025. These actions downed U.S. MQ-9 Reaper drones, with seven losses valued at over $200 million reported by April 2025.

In Iraq and Syria, Iran-backed Shia militias such as Kata'ib Hezbollah, Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq, and Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba—collectively part of the Popular Mobilization Forces—have conducted over 165 drone, missile, and rocket attacks on U.S. forces since October 2023, including the January 28, 2024, drone strike on Tower 22 in Jordan that killed three U.S. service members and wounded over 40. In Syria, groups like the Fatemiyoun Division (Afghan recruits) and Zaynabiyoun Brigade (Pakistani recruits) numbered over 100,000 fighters by the mid-2010s, supporting the Assad regime against rebels and ISIS, with Iranian training and arms contributing to the regime's survival amid an estimated 500,000 total deaths in the civil war. A December 2019 rocket attack by Kata'ib Hezbollah on K-1 base in Iraq killed one U.S. contractor and wounded four troops.

Palestinian groups Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad in Gaza have received Iranian funding historically totaling $100 million annually and weaponry including Fajr-5 rockets, enabling attacks like the October 7, 2023, assault on Israel that killed 1,200 and took 250 hostages. Iran's Quds Force provided training and technical expertise, though Hamas maintains some operational autonomy, as evidenced by the attack's lack of direct Tehran coordination per U.S. assessments. These proxies have inflicted asymmetric pressure, with U.S. retaliatory strikes in Iraq and Syria killing dozens of militia members, including 16 in February 2024 operations targeting over 85 sites.