А английски няма ли да учим?

Опитайте и вие да превърнете деятелния в страдателен залог:

1. The boss gave his secretary instructions on how to write the letters.
2. The tornado destroyed the seaside resort.
3. Stiphen King wrote that book in 1998.
4. "Columbia Pictures" produced 45 films last year.
5. The police officers questioned the suspect.

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/passive_sentences1.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/senten … s_simple_past.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/senten … imple_present.htm

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/active_or_passive.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/active_or_passive1.htm
http://www.restena.lu/lmr/educonln/english/voice.html

магазини/учреждения и какво се продава/прави в тях

baker's-хлебарница
bread, rolls, biscuits
 
bank-банка
borrow money, cash a cheque
 
butcher's-месарница
meat, sausages
 
card shop-магазин за картички и дребни подаръци
cards, small gifts
 
chemist's-аптека
medicinеs, beauty products
 
department store-универсален магазин
clothes, handbags, electrical equipment, a very large shop
 
dry cleaner's-химическо чистене
clean clothes
 
fishmonger's-магазин за риба
fish
 
florist's-магазин за цветя
flowers, plants
 
greengrocer's-магазин за плодове и зеленчуци
vegetables, fruit
 
grocer's-бакалия
food, very small shop
 
hairdresser's-фризьорски салон
style and cut your hair
 
jeweller's-бижутериен магазин
rings, necklaces, earrings
 
newsagent's-будка за вестници и списания
newspapers, magazines
 
off-licence-магазин за спиртни питиета със специално разрешение за продажба на такива
wine, beer, alcoholic beverages
 
post office-поща
stamps
 
shopping centre-търговски център
different shops in a large building
 
tobacconist's-магазин за цигари
cigarettes, cigars

упражнения за затвърждаване на думите по-горе

http://www.learnenglish.be/
http://www.learnenglish.be/
http://www.learnenglish.be/
http://www.learnenglish.be/
http://www.learnenglish.be/
 

Reported speech - statements


Statements
- положителни изречения, изказвания

Ако пресъздаваме какво е казал друг човек, обикновено не използваме точните думи на този, който ги е казал, а т.нар.непряка реч.

в този случай се променят

местоименията
сегашно просто време-3 л. ед.ч., но само ако глагола, въвеждащ непряката реч е в минало просто време
изразите за време и място
времената

direct speech - “I speak English.”
reported speech-
 He says that he speaks English
тук не променяме времето, защото глагола says е в сегашно време, а сменяме само местоимението - I - he

но

reported speech
He said that he spoke English

She says, “My mum doesn’t have time today.” – She says that her mum doesn’t have time today.

Времена

не се променят, ако глагола въвеждащ пряката реч е в сегашно просто време, както примера по горе

но времето се променя, когато глагола, въвеждащ пряката реч е в минало време-т.е.said

He said, “I am happy.” – He said that he was happy

Simple Present  -----Simple Past
Present Progressive-------- Past Progressive
Simple Past Past -------------Perfect Simple
Present Perfect Simple -------------същото
Past Perfect Simple ----------------същото
Future I (going to) ---------was / were going to
will - would

today ----------that day
now -----------then
yesterday -----------the day before
… days ago … -------------days before
last week -------------the week before
next year ----------the following year
tomorrow -----------the next day / the following day
here -----------there
this that
these those

Are you a student?’

He asked me if I was a student.

‘Is Lisa watching TV?’ She asked me if Lisa was watching TV.

Както виждате въвеждащият глагол е ask, ако е необходимо се сменят местоименията и глаголните времена, така както е обяснено и за положителните изречения.

Минало перфектно време и модалните глаголи could, might and ought  - не се променят.

‘What should I do?’ She asked me what she should do.

She asked, "Do you want to come with me?" BECOMES She asked me if I wanted to come with her.
Dave asked, "Where did you go last weekend?" BECOMES Dave asked me where I had gone the previous weekend.
He asked, "Why are you studying English?" BECOMES She asked me why I was studying English.

DIRECT SPEECH: "Who doesn't like cheese?"
REPORTED SPEECH: She asked me who didn't like cheese

DIRECT SPEECH: "Do you want me to come?"
REPORTED SPEECH: I asked him if he wanted me to come.

DIRECT SPEECH: "Have you fed the dog?"
REPORTED SPEECH: She asked me whether I had fed the dog.

DIRECT SPEECH: "Who is the champion?"
REPORTED SPEECH: She asked me who the champion was OR She asked me who was the champion.

DIRECT SPEECH: "What is your favourite colour?"
REPORTED SPEECH: She asked me what my favourite colour was OR She asked me what was my favourite colour.

Rewrite the questions in reported speech.

1 ‘Will the flight be delayed?’

      Jill wanted to know  …………………….……

      …………………………………………………

2 ‘Where have you been all night?’

      My parents wanted to know  …………………

      …………………………………………………

3 ‘Will I pass my exam?’

      Mark wondered  ………………………………

      …………………………………………………

4 ‘Did you remember the invitations?’

      Sue asked me  …………………………………

      …………………………………………………

5 ‘How long have you been learning German?’

      Karl wondered  ………………………………

      …………………………………………………

 
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/questions.htm

http://www.miguelmllop.com/practice/beginners/grammar/reportedquestions.htm
 

Здравейте англофонки 

Искам да БЛАГОДАРЯ на вашата учителка gitadam, за помоща, която ми оказа днес!
Страхотен човек си 

Тук ще се опитам да пусна меню на вкусотии, дано на Дидка бъда пак полезна.

салати/salads


Домати с моцарела и босилеков дресинг
Tomatoes with mozzarella and basil dressing

Комбинация от зелена салата, рукола, чери домати, пармезан и кедрови ядки
Green salad with rucola, cherry tomatoes, parmesan cheese and cedar nuts

Салата от домати, печен пипер и мариновано сирене
Tomato salad with grilled peppers and marinated cheese

студени предястия/cold starters

Червено цвекло, сос сирене, капки пяна от орехи и свежи листа от рукола
Red beet with cheese sauce, drops of walnut foam and fresh rucola leaves

топли предястия/hot starters

Запечено козе сирене със зелена салата
Grilled goat cheese with green salad

Бри в нежна панировка и сос от боровинки
Brie cheese in bread-crumbs and blueberry sauce

Гъши дроб върху карамелизирани ябълки
Goose liver on caramelized apples

основни ястия/main courses or dishes

Пилешко филе фаршировано със спанак,гарнирано с черен ориз, стафиди и сос сирена
Chicken fillet stuffed with spinach and topped with black rice, raisins and cheese sauce

Пепър стек и сотирани картофи
Pepper steak and sauté potatoes

десерти/desserts

Топъл шоколадов кейк с малинов сос и сладолед
Warm chocolate cake with raspberry sauce and ice cream

Нуга  /сладоледено парфе с карамелизирани орехи и  зелени смокини/
Nougat /ice cream parfait with caramelized walnuts and green figs/

Домашна торта
Homemade cake

Fruit tart
Плодова тарта

HOT & NATIONAL DISHES

Meatballs "Tzarigradski" - Кюфтета по цариградски
Stuffed vine leaves with mince meat and rice - лозови сарми с кайма и ориз
Stuffed vine leaves with rice -лозови сарми с ориз   
Cheese stuffed pepper fried in egg - пълнени чушки със сирене и запържени в яйце      
Tongue fried in egg   “- език, запържен в яйце
Grilled pork filet - запечени свински филета   
Grilled meat rolls "Kebapche- кебапчета
Chicken glacé  - пиле глазе

in front of - пред
behind - зад
under - под
over - над
next to - до, в съседство до
between - между (при наличие на два обекта)
among - сред (при наличие на повечe oт два обекта)
on - на, върху
in - в, вътре в
at - при

at the back of the room -в дъното на стаята
be at the corner of - на ъгъла на
be on the other side of - от другата страна на
be in the middle of - в средата на
be at the door - пред вратата

across - през
along - по протежение на, покрай
out of - от/навън от
through - през
past - покрай
round - около

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/prepositions/exercises

http://www.better-english.com/grammar/prepositions.htm



COFFEE



Coffee was first discovered in Northern Africa in an area we know today as Ethiopia. A popular legend refers to a goat herder, who discovered that his goats act unusually frisky after eating berries from a bush. Curious about this, he tried eating the berries himself. He found that these berries gave him a renewed energy. The news of this energy fruit quickly spread throughout the region.

Monks hearing about this amazing fruit, dried the berries so that they could be transported to distant monasteries.They soaked them in water, ate the fruit, and drank the liquid to be awake longer for more prayers.

Coffee berries were transported from Ethiopia to the Arabian peninsula, and were first cultivated in what today is the country of Yemen.

From there, coffee traveled to Turkey where coffee beans were roasted for the first time over open fires. The roasted beans were crushed, and then boiled in water, almost the same way we enjoy coffee today.

Coffee first arrived on the European continent by means of Venetian trade merchants. Once in Europe this new beverage was criticised by the Catholic church. Many felt the pope should ban coffee, calling it the drink of the devil. To their surprise, the pope, already a coffee drinker, blessed coffee declaring it a truly Christian beverage.

In the 1700's, coffee found its way to the Americas by means of a French infantry captain who grew one small plant on his long journey across the Atlantic. This one plant, transplanted to the Caribbean Island of Martinique, became the predecessor of over 19 million trees on the island within 50 years.

Coffee was declared the national drink of the United States by the Continental Congress, in protest of the excessive tax on tea levied by the British crown.

Espresso obtained its origin in 1822, with the innovation of the first espresso machine in France. The Italians were the first to manufacture it. Espresso has become a part of Italian life and culture and there are presently over 200,000 espresso bars in Italy.

Today, coffee is a giant global industry employing more than 20 million people. It ranks second only to petroleum in terms of dollars traded worldwide. With over 400 billion cups consumed every year, coffee is the world's most popular beverage. If you can imagine, in Brazil alone, over 5 million people are employed in the cultivation and harvesting of over 3 billion coffee plants.


VOCABULARY:

1. to refer to - отнасям се до, свързан съм с
2. a goat herder - козар
3. frisky - живо, енергично
4. berries - дребни плодове
5. renewed - подновен, обновен
6. quickly spread - бързо се разпространили
7. monk - монах
8. to soak - накисвам
9. peninsula - полуостров
10. to roast - пека, изпичам
11. by means of - посредством
12. Venetian trade merchants - венецианските търговци
13. to ban - забранявам
14. to bless - благославям
15. infantry - пехота
16. predecessor - предшественик
17. excessive - прекален, твърде голям
18. to levy (tax) - налагам /за данък/
19. to obtain - придобивам, получавам
20. innovation - откритие, иновация
21. to manufacture - произвеждам
22. presently - в момента, понастоящем
23. to rank - нареждам се /в класация, при рейтинг/
24. in terms of - от гледна точка на, що се отнася до
25. harvest - жътва/жъна, събирам реколта

MEN AND WOMEN



 I never have quite figured out why the sexual urges of men and women differ so much. I never have figured out the whole Mars & Venus thing. And I have never figured out why men think with their head and women with their heart.

One evening last week, my wife and I were getting into bed. Well, the passion starts to heat up, and she then says, "I don't feel like it, I just want you to hold me." I said, "WHAT?!"

So she says the words that I and every other husband on the planet dreads. She explains that I must not be in tune with her emotional needs as a Woman. I'm thinking, "What was her first clue?" I finally realized that nothing is going to happen that night, so I went to sleep.

The very next day we went shopping at a big department store. I walked around while she tried on three very expensive outfits. She couldn't decide which one to take, so I told her to take all three of them. She then tells me that she wants matching shoes worth $200 each to which I say, "OK." And then we go to the Jewellery Department where she gets a set of diamond earrings. Let me tell you ...she was so excited! She must have thought that I was going insane, but I don't think she cared. I think she was testing me when she asked for a tennis bracelet because she doesn't even play tennis. I think I threw her for a loop when I told her that it was OK. She was almost sexually excited from all of this and you should have seen her face when she said, "I'm ready to go, let's go to the cash register." I could hardly contain myself when I blurted out, "No, honey. I don't feel like buying all this stuff now." You should have seen her face ... it went completely blank. I then said, "Really honey! I just want you to HOLD this stuff for a while."

Just when she had this look like she was going to kill me, I added, "You must not be in tune with my financial needs as a Man." I figure that I might be having sex again sometime during the spring of 2003.


1.to figure out - осъзнавам, разбирам
2. urge - нужда, нагон, подтик
3. to differ (in) - различавам се /по/
4. to heat up - разгорещявам се
5. to dread - страхувам се, ужасявам се
6. to be in tune with - разбирам, споделям, на една вълна съм със
7. What was her first clue? - А какво си мислеше в началото?
8. department store - универсален магазин
9. outfit (n.) - костюм

Fill in a/an/the where necessary:

WOMEN DRIVERS

Driving to ... town this morning on ... Interstate, I looked over to my left and there was ... woman in ... brand new Mustang doing 65 miles per hour with her face up next to her rear view mirror putting on ... eyeliner! I looked away for ... couple of seconds and when I looked back she was halfway over in my lane, still working on ... damn makeup!!! It scared me so badly that I dropped my electric shaver, which knocked ... donut out of my other hand. In all ... confusion of trying to straighten out ... car using my knees against ... steering wheel, it knocked my cell phone away from my ear which fell into ... coffee between my legs and DISCONNECTED ... IMPORTANT CALL! DAMN WOMEN DRIVERS!!!

VOCABULARY

1. intеrstate - междущатска магистрала
2. to do 65 mph - карам със скорост 65 мили в час
3. rear view mirror - огледало за обратно виждане
4. eyeliner - очна линия
5. halfway over in my lane - наполовина в моята лента
6. to knock sth. out of - бутам, избутвам
7. to straighten out - изправям
8. steering wheel - волан



10. insane - луд, ненормален
11. bracelet - гривна
12. to throw someone for a loop - изненадвам, шашвам
13. cash register - каса
14. to contain oneself - сдържам се
15. to blurt out - казвам без да мисля, изтърсвам

Може ли да питам нещо за пряката и непряка реч, че май не схващам много  Често ми се налага да съм `преводач`на мъжа ми, който не говори англ., та като искам да кажа Той каза, че тук много му харесва как трябва да е
He said that he loves this place/ he enjoyed a lot
и Той казва, че е видял... He said that he saw...

Спрегаемите (личните) форми на глагола са винаги свързани с подлог, с който се съгласуват по лице и число:
 I am fifteen. He likes sports.  They have new coats.
     
2. Неспрегаемите (неличните) форми на глагола са инфинитивът (the Infinitive), причастията (the Participles) и герундият (the Gerund). Тези форми не могат сами да служат като сказуемо в изречението и не се съгласуват с никакъв подлог.       
Ι want to play tennis.
He wants to play tennis.
I saw him coming.
I saw them coming. Искам да играя тенис.
Той иска да играе тенис.
Видях го да идва.
Видях ги да идват.
 
ИНФИНИТИВ

1.The Infinitive with to - инфинитив с - to


-----след: the first -Gagarin was the first to fly in a spaceship.
the last -Peter was the last to watch the film.
the next -He is the next to get his passport.

-----след прилагателни I'm happy to be here.
It's better not to smoke.

-----след определени глаголи
(agree, choose, forget, hope, learn, promise, regret, want, …) I learn to drive a car.

------след въпросителни думи  I don't know what to say.
Can you tell me how to get to the bus stop?

-----след: want/would like I want you to help me.

------verb + object + to-infinitive  - I helped my dad to clean the car.


2.инфинитив без  - to

-----след спомагателни и модални глаголи
can -He can run very fast.
could -As a boy he could run very fast.
may -I may fly to Africa this summer.
might -I might fly to Africa this summer.
must -I must go now.
mustn't -You mustn't smoke here.
needn't -You needn't go.
shall -We shall sing a song.
should -We should sing a song.
will -She will cook a meal for his birthday.
would -She would cook a meal for his birthday.

---------след определени изрази

had better -You had better clean up your room.
would rather -Susan would rather study for her exam tomorrow.
would sooner -I would sooner read a book than watch this film.
why not -Why not ask your neighbour for help?
why should we- Why should we go by car?
why should we not - Why should we not go by car?

---------след определени глаголи изразяващи възприятие + допълнение

feel -She feels the rain fall on her face.
hear -I heard Peter sing a song.
notice -Mandy noticed the boy climb the tree.
see -They saw him climb up the roof.
watch -He watched the thieves steal a car.

------след let + допълнение:
let Sandy let her child go out alone.
Mother let her daughter decide on her own.
let's Let's go for a walk through the park.

---------след make + допълнение:
make She made Peggy and Samantha clean the room

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/infinitive-gerund/exercises?02

He said that he loved that place

He said that he had seen...

 
  А за мен

Здравейте и от мен!  Едва сега откривам темата, но както нямам работа напоследък в офиса, ще се върна малко назад да преговоря нещата и ще чакам следващия изпит. Имам богат запас от думи и разбирам като ми се говори или чета, ама с говоренето... съм като дърварин, както каза моя мъж.  А също и граматиката ми е голяма мъка. Особено като не прилагам сега езика често...  Ще се радвам да обменим опит, да науча нови неща и да затвърдя научени такива. 
Гитадам, кога е следващият изпит? 

Скоро може би, само трябва да се организирам, да се върна назад, да видя какво съм преподавала, да потърся упражнения.......

gitadam ,мога да ти пратя всичко, което си преподала до сега на текстови файл...3аедно с линковете, които си давала....ако искаш, прати ми имейл на ЛС.....